<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>APG IV system</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV_system"> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-APG_IV_system rootpage-APG_IV_system skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">APG IV system</span></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a></div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<p>The <b>APG IV system</b> of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly <a href="Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">molecular</a>-based, <a href="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">system of plant taxonomy</a> for <a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (angiosperms) being developed by the <a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the <a href="APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first <a href="APG_system" title="APG system">APG system</a> was published in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (<a href="Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a>, <a href="Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a>, <a href="Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a>, <a href="Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a> and <a href="Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a>), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Short_version">Short version</h2></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Families_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)897" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;;background:#90EE90;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div id="Families_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)897" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Families of <a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> ()</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div>
<ul><li>Supergroup Plant:</li>
<li>Rhodophyta</li>
<li>Chlorophyta</li>
<li>Marchantiophyta</li>
<li>Bryophyta</li>
<li>Anthocerotophyta</li>
<li>Polypodiophyta</li>
<li>Acrogymnospermae</li>
<li>Angiospermae</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>angio<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>sperms</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hydatellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="margin:+20px; position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"> <a href="Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Mesangiospermae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Chloranthidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chloranthales17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Lilidae</b> <br>(<a href="Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Orchid" title="Orchid">Orchidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Ceratophyllidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ceratophyllales19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Eudicots224" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-15px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-25px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rosids222" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-12px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vitales11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-15px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-15px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asterids224" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-15px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a></li>
<li><a href="Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detailed_version">Detailed version</h2></div>
<p>Key to symbols used:
</p>
<dl><dd>* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the <a href="APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> of 2009</dd>
<dd>† = the order has been added since the APG III system</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basal_angiosperms"><a href="Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal angiosperms</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a> <small>Melikyan et al.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a> <small>Pichon, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a> <small>Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Hydatellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a> <small>U.Hamann</small></li>
<li><a href="Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a> <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li><a href="Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a> <small>Croizat, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a> <small>Gibbs, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnoliids"><a href="Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a> <small>Cronq.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a> <small>Mart., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a> <small>Giseke, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (including Asaraceae <small>Vent.</small>, Hydnoraceae <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>, Lactoridaceae <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a> <small>I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a> <small>Diels, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a> <small>Orb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a> <small>Schodde</small></li>
<li><a href="Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a> <small>Reiche, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_lineage:_unplaced_to_more_inclusive_clade">Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a> <small>Mart.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monocots"><a href="Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a> <small>Mart.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a> <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a> <small>F.Rudolphi, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a> <small>Planch., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a> <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons</small></li>
<li><a href="Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a> <small>Vines, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a> <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a> <small>Vines, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a> <small>Takht.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a> <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a> <small>Mart.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a> <small>Fr. ex Bjurzon</small></li>
<li><a href="Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small> (not monophyletic.)</li>
<li><a href="Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a> <small>Gardner, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a> <small>Caruel, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a> <small>Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a> <small>Perleb</small>
<ul><li><a href="Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a> <small><a href="Odoardo_Beccari" title="Odoardo Beccari">Becc.</a>, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a> <small>Hutch, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a> <small>Conran & Clifford</small></li>
<li><a href="Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a> <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">Orchidaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a> <small>M.W.Chase et al.</small></li>
<li><a href="Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small></li>
<li><a href="Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a> <small>H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren</small></li>
<li><a href="Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small></li>
<li><a href="Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small> (as 'Ixiolirionaceae'; spelling corrected)</li>
<li><a href="Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a> <small>Leyb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a> <small>M.W.Chase et al.</small></li>
<li><a href="Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons. prop.</small> (including Xanthorrhoeaceae <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li><a href="Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small> (=Palmae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a> <small>Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a> <small>Link, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a> <small>Griseb.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a> <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a> <small>Ridl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a> <small>Vines</small></li>
<li><a href="Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> <small>Small</small>
<ul><li><a href="Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> * (including Anarthriaceae <small>D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small>, Centrolepidaceae <small>Endl., nom. cons.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a> <small>Toml. & A.C.Sm.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a> <small>D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> <small>Barnhart, nom. cons.</small> (= Gramineae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Probable_sister_of_eudicots">Probable sister of eudicots</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a> <small>Gray, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eudicots"><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a> <small>K.Wilh., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a> <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a> <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a> <small>T.Lestib., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a> <small>Takht. ex Cronq.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a> <small>Eichler, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li><a href="Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small> * (including Haptanthaceae <small>C.Nelson</small>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_eudicots"><a href="Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">Core eudicots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li><a href="Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a> <small>Nied., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a> <small><a href="Carl_Meissner" title="Carl Meissner">Meisn.</a>, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a> <small>DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> †
<ul><li><a href="Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a> <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superrosids"><a href="Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a> <small>Kuhlm., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a> <small>Raf., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a> <small>Müll.Arg., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li>
<li><a href="Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a> <small>Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a> <small>Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rosids"><a href="Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></h4></div>
<ul><li><a href="Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Fabids">Fabids</h5></div>
<ul><li><a href="Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li><a href="Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a> <small>D.Don</small></li>
<li><a href="Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= Leguminosae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a> <small>Arn., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a> <small>Rendle, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a> <small>Gaudich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> <small>Engl.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a> <small>Kuprian.</small></li>
<li><a href="Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a> <small>DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a> <small>Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez</small></li>
<li><a href="Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a> <small>Gray, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a> <small>Tiegh. ex Takht.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a> <small>Ridl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<p>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="COM_clade;_placement_uncertain">COM clade; placement uncertain</h6></div>
<ul><li><a href="Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a> <small>J. Leonard, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a> <small>A.Chev.</small></li>
<li><a href="Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a> <small>Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons.</small> * (including Allantospermum <small>Forman</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a> <small>Exell & Mendonça</small></li>
<li><a href="Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a> <small>Pers., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a> <small>L.Beauvis. ex Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= Guttiferae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a> <small>Voigt, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a> <small>H.Pfeiff.</small></li>
<li><a href="Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a> <small>Meisn.</small></li>
<li><a href="Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a> <small>Doweld & Reveal</small></li>
<li><a href="Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a> <small>Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a> <small>Baill., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a> <small>Marc.-Berti</small></li>
<li><a href="Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a> <small>Harms, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a> <small>Batsch, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a> <small>Miers</small></li>
<li><a href="Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a> <small>Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a> <small>Mart., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a> <small>Klotzsch</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a> <small>DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a> <small>Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a> <small>Small, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Malvids">Malvids</h5></div>
<ul><li><a href="Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (including Bersamaceae <small>Doweld</small>, Greyiaceae <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small>, Ledocarpaceae <small>Meyen</small>, Melianthaceae <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small>, Rhynchothecaceae <small>A.Juss.</small>, Vivianiaceae <small>Klotzsch, nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a> <small>A.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a> <small>A.DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a> <small>S.A.Graham</small></li>
<li><a href="Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a> <small>Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li><a href="Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a> <small>A.DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a> <small>Tiegh., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a> <small>S.H.Oh & D.Potter</small></li>
<li><a href="Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a> <small>Doweld</small>
<ul><li><a href="Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a> <small>Fernando & Quinn</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a> <small>Doweld</small>
<ul><li><a href="Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a> <small>M.H.Alford</small></li>
<li><a href="Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a> <small>Christenh. et al.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a> <small>Merr., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a> <small>Schnizl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> (including Xanthocerataceae <small>Buerki et al.</small>, as 'Xanthoceraceae')</li>
<li><a href="Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a> <small>A.Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a> <small>C.Bayer et al.</small></li>
<li><a href="Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a> <small>Kostel., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a> <small>Bullock</small></li>
<li><a href="Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (including <i>Pakaraimaea</i> <small>Maguire & P.S.Ashton</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a> <small>Caruel, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small> *</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li><a href="Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a> <small>Stapf, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a> <small>Iltis</small></li>
<li><a href="Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a> <small>Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a> <small>Pax, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a> <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small></li>
<li><a href="Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small> * (including Borthwickiaceae <small>J.X.Su et al.</small>, Stixidaceae <small>Doweld</small> as 'Stixaceae', <i>Forchhammeria</i> <small>Liebm.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li>
<li><a href="Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a> <small>Burnett, nom. cons.</small> (= Cruciferae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superasterids"><a href="Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a> <small>Doweld</small>
<ul><li><a href="Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> (not monophyletic; including Aptandraceae <small>Miers</small>, Coulaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>, Erythropalaceae <small>Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons.</small>, Octoknemaceae <small>Soler. nom. cons.</small>, Strombosiaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>, Ximeniaceae <small>Horan.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a> <small>Valeton, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a> <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> (not monophyletic if Balanophoraceae are embedded; including Amphorogynaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Cervantesiaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Comandraceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Nanodeaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Thesiaceae <small>Vest</small>, Viscaceae <small>Batsch</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li>
<li><a href="Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a> <small>Desv., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a> <small>Link, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a> <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a> <small>Dumort, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a> <small>Chrtek et al.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a> <small>Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a> <small>Prance</small></li>
<li><a href="Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a> <small>Tiegh.</small></li>
<li><a href="Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland</small></li>
<li><a href="Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a> <small>Christenh.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a> <small>Schäferhoff & Borsch</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a> <small>Heimerl, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a> <small>Shipunov ex Reveal</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a> <small>Doweld & Reveal</small></li>
<li><a href="Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a> <small>Christenh.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh</small> * (including Rivinaceae <small>C.Agardh</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a> <small>Behnke</small></li>
<li><a href="Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a> <small>Bartl., nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a> <small>Raf.</small></li>
<li><a href="Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a> <small>Radlk., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a> <small>Raf., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a> <small>S.Soriano</small></li>
<li><a href="Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li>
<li><a href="Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a> <small>Eggli & Nyffeler</small></li>
<li><a href="Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asterids"><a href="Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></h4></div>
<ul><li><a href="Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a> <small>Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a> <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a> <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a> <small>Gürke, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a> <small>Desf., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a> <small>DC. & Spreng., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a> <small>Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a> <small>Klotzsch, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a> <small>Makino, nom. cons.</small> (placement in order unclear)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lamiids">Lamiids</h5></div>
<ul><li><a href="Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a> <small>Tiegh.</small> †
<ul><li><a href="Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a> <small>Kobuski ex Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a> <small>Miers, nom. cons.</small> *</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a> <small>Takht.</small> †
<ul><li><a href="Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a> <small>H.Karst. ex Schnizl.</small> *</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a> <small>Mart.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a> <small>L.Struwe & V.A.Albert</small> * (including Pteleocarpaceae <small>Brummitt</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> †
<ul><li><a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> (including Codonaceae <small>Weigend & Hilger</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a> <small>Doweld</small> †
<ul><li><a href="Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a> <small>Dandy</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a> <small>Nakai, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a> <small>T.Baskerv., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li><a href="Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a> <small>Wettst.</small></li>
<li><a href="Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a> <small>Olmstead</small></li>
<li><a href="Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a> <small>Rich. & Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (the position of <i>Peltanthera</i> <small>Benth.</small> is problematic and here considered unplaced to family)</li>
<li><a href="Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a> <small>Borsch et al.</small></li>
<li><a href="Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a> <small>Domin, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a> <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a> <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a> <small>Reveal</small></li>
<li><a href="Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a> <small>Sreem.</small></li>
<li><a href="Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a> <small>J.St.Hil., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small> (= Labiatae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a> <small>Reveal</small></li>
<li><a href="Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a> <small>Schauer, nom. cons.</small> *</li>
<li><a href="Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a> <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small> * (including Lindenbergiaceae <small>Doweld</small>, Rehmanniaceae <small>Reveal</small>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Campanulids">Campanulids</h5></div>
<ul><li><a href="Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a> <small>Senft</small>
<ul><li><a href="Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a> <small>Kårehed</small></li>
<li><a href="Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a> <small>Small</small></li>
<li><a href="Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a> <small>Decne.</small></li>
<li><a href="Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li>
<li><a href="Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small> (= Compositae <small>Giseke, nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a> <small>Dumort.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a> <small>D.Don, nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li><a href="Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a> <small>E.Mey., nom. cons.</small> (= Viburnaceae <small>Raf., nom. cons. prop.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> <small>Nakai</small>
<ul><li><a href="Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a> <small>Hu</small></li>
<li><a href="Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a> <small>Takht., nom. cons. prop.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li>
<li><a href="Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li>
<li><a href="Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= Umbelliferae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2></div>
<p>Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a <a href="Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> for the angiosperms, as shown below.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:110%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Core_angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Core angiosperms">Core angiosperms</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">magnoliids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">monocots</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Commelinids" title="Commelinids">commelinids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p>(<a href="#PENTA">continued</a>)
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p> </p><div class="clade">
<table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:110%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Pentapetalae" title="Pentapetalae">Pentapetalae</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Superrosids" title="Superrosids">superrosids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Rosids" title="Rosids">rosids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">fabids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">malvids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Superasterids" title="Superasterids">superasterids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Asterids" title="Asterids">asterids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">campanulids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">lamiids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG_IV2016">APG IV (2016)</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009">Haston et al. (2009)</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG_IV2016">APG IV (2016)</a>, p. 5</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColeHilgerStevens2019">Cole, Hilger & Stevens (2019)</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="refbegin" style="">
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><cite id="CITEREFAPG_III2009" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">105–</span>121, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</a></span>, <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083">10654/18083</a></span></cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFAPG_IV2016" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", <i><a href="Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a></i>, <b>181</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385">10.1111/boj.12385</a></span></cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009" class="citation cs2">Haston, E.; Richardson, J.E.; Stevens, P.F.; Chase, M.W. & Harris, D.J. (2009), "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">128–</span>131, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.01000.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x</a></span></cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFFay2016" class="citation cs2"><a href="Michael_Francis_Fay" title="Michael Francis Fay">Fay, Michael</a> (9 May 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805051050/http://www.kew.org/discover/blogs/kew-science/apg-classification-consensus">"APG - classification by consensus"</a>, <i>Kew Science</i>, <a href="RBG_Kew" class="mw-redirect" title="RBG Kew">RBG Kew</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/discover/blogs/kew-science/apg-classification-consensus">the original</a> on 2016-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-12</span></span></cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFColeHilgerStevens2019" class="citation cs2">Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d3amtssd1tejdt.cloudfront.net/2019/2320/6/APP-E-2019-V3-PPA.pdf"><i>Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-16</span></span></cite></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy753" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">List of systems of plant taxonomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by <a href="Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley</a> in his 1853 edition, and <a href="Rolf_Dahlgren" title="Rolf Dahlgren">Dahlgren</a> (1982). Examples include the works of <a href="Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Scopoli</a>, <a href="%C3%89tienne_Pierre_Ventenat" title="Étienne Pierre Ventenat">Ventenat</a>, <a href="August_Batsch" title="August Batsch">Batsch</a> and <a href="August_Grisebach" title="August Grisebach">Grisebach</a>.</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Linnaean753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="John_Ray_system_(1686–1704)42" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="John_Ray" title="John Ray">John Ray system (1686–1704)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>A discourse on the seeds of plants</i></li>
<li><i>Methodus plantarum nova</i></li>
<li><i>De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis</i></li>
<li><i>Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Darwinian753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean system (1735–51)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Genera_Plantarum" title="Genera Plantarum">Genera Plantarum</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Philosophia_Botanica" title="Philosophia Botanica">Philosophia Botanica</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Adanson_system" title="Adanson system">Adanson system (1763)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Familles naturelles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="De_Jussieu_system" title="De Jussieu system">De Jussieu system (1789)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="De_Candolle_system" title="De Candolle system">De Candolle system (1819–24)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Th%C3%A9orie_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire_de_la_botanique" class="mw-redirect" title="Théorie élémentaire de la botanique">Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux</a></i></li>
<li><i>Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Friedrich_von_Berchtold" title="Friedrich von Berchtold">Berchtold</a> and <a href="Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">Presl</a><br> system (1820–1823)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="O_Prirozenosti_Rostlin" class="mw-redirect" title="O Prirozenosti Rostlin">O Prirozenosti Rostlin</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Carl_Adolph_Agardh" title="Carl Adolph Agardh">Agardh system (1825)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classes Plantarum</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Gray system (1821)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Natural Arrangement of British Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Karl_Julius_Perleb" title="Karl Julius Perleb">Perleb system (1826)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Barth%C3%A9lemy_Charles_Joseph_Dumortier" title="Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier">Dumortier system (1829)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Analyse des familles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley system (1830–45)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</i></li>
<li><i>The Vegetable Kingdom</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="George_Don" title="George Don">Don system (1834)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>General History of Dichlamydious Plants</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bentham_%26_Hooker_system" title="Bentham & Hooker system">Bentham & Hooker system<br>(1862–83)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Henri_Ernest_Baillon" title="Henri Ernest Baillon">Baillon system (1867–94)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Histoire des plantes</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Post-Darwinian_(Phyletic)753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post-<a href="Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> (Phyletic)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nineteenth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Eichler_system" title="Eichler system">Eichler system (1875–1886)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert</i></li>
<li><i>Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Engler_system" title="Engler system">Engler system (1886–1924)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau</i></li>
<li><i><a href="Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien">Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li>
<li><i>Das Pflanzenreich</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Philippe_van_Tieghem" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe van Tieghem">van Tieghem system (1891)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de botanique</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twentieth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Karl_Wilhelm_von_Dalla_Torre" title="Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre">Dalla Torre & Harms<br> system (1900–07)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Eugenius_Warming" title="Eugenius Warming">Warming system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Haandbog i den systematiske botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hans_Hallier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Hallier">Hallier system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bessey_system" title="Bessey system">Bessey system (1915)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wettstein_system" title="Wettstein system">Wettstein system (1901–35)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Handbuch der systematischen Botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Johannes_Paulus_Lotsy" title="Johannes Paulus Lotsy">Lotsy system (1907–11)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hutchinson_system" title="Hutchinson system">Hutchinson system (1926–73)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vittorio_Calestani" title="Vittorio Calestani">Calestani system (1933)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Yojiro_Kimura" title="Yojiro Kimura">Kimura system (1956)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Louis_Emberger" title="Louis Emberger">Emberger system (1960)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de Botanique systématique</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Melchior_system" title="Melchior system">Melchior system (1964)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Takhtajan_system" title="Takhtajan system">Takhtajan system (1966–97)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants</i></li>
<li><i>Flowering plants: origin and dispersal</i></li>
<li><i>Diversity and classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system (1968–81)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>The evolution and classification of flowering plants</i></li>
<li><i>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Goldberg_system" title="Goldberg system">Goldberg system (1986–89</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dahlgren_system" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren system (1975–85)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Thorne_system" title="Thorne system">Thorne system (1968–2000)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kubitzki_system" title="Kubitzki system">Kubitzki system (1990–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Reveal_system" title="Reveal system">Reveal system (1997)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group_System_(1998–)753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="APG_system" title="APG system">An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants (APG I)</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="APG_II_system" title="APG II system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="APG_III_system" title="APG III system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="Chase_%26_Reveal_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase & Reveal System">Chase & Reveal System</a> (2009)</li></ul></li>
<li><i></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Website">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt>
<dd><i><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Plantae (L.)">Plantae</a></i> at Wikispecies • </dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=APG_IV_system&oldid=1302808716">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body></html>